The accurate calculation of the efficiency of the aero-engine compression system affects the design and planning of the compression system. At present, the most commonly used method to calculate the efficiency of a compression system is the temperature rise method. However, the uncertainty of the existing temperature measurement method is close to 1 K when the air temperature rise is less than 100 K and the Mach number is less than 0.5. In this case, the accuracy of temperature measurement is seriously affected, and the efficiency accuracy of the compression system calculated by the temperature rise method is insufficient. In response to the current problems of insufficient calibration accuracy and missing calibration methods in low temperature rise airflow calibration, this article proposes a low temperature rise airflow calibration method based on energy conservation and heat dissipation correction. Using a second-class standard platinum resistor with higher accuracy as the reference airflow temperature sensor, it is moved forward from the wind tunnel test section outlet to the stable section and installed on the same axis. The wall heat dissipation temperature loss of the reference airflow temperature sensor is corrected, resulting in low temperature rise calibration uncertainty of the reference airflow temperature sensor for 0.08 K. The low temperature rise airflow calibration method is used to calibrate the airflow temperature sensor to be calibrated. The calibrated platinum resistor airflow temperature sensor has a temperature measurement deviation between (0.075~-0.031) K at Mach number 0.398 and a temperature rise of about 50 K in the test after calibration. In accordance with the results of the uncertainty analysis, the calibration device, the calibration method, and the uncertainty evaluation method of low temperature rise airflow are verified. The calibration method of low temperature rise airflow improves the ability to indicate the true airflow temperature of the airflow temperature sensor under the low temperature rise environment, providing strong support for the accurate calculation of the efficiency of the aircraft engine compression system.