Underwater acoustic wave vector direction estimation is a crucial task in hydro acoustics, holding significant importance for underwater target identification, detection, and tracking. However, conventional detection methods exhibit inherent limitations. For hydrophone arrays, they are prone to phase ambiguity and acoustic interference. Vector hydrophones have constrained angular resolution and bandwidth due to directivity patterns and resonance frequency limitations. To overcome these physical constraints in traditional detectors, a laser-based acoustic sensing method is proposed. When traversing an acoustic-modulated medium, laser beams undergo measurable deflection without perturbing the original acoustic field. This enables non-invasive acoustic sensing through optical means, circumventing the resonance frequency limitations inherent in conventional transducers. Through rigorous analysis of acousto-optic deflection principles, the mechanism for acoustic vector direction perception is systematically investigated. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that a single-layer laser array configuration can eliminate phase ambiguity during acoustic detection. Building on the non-invasive nature of laser-based sensing, an innovative dual-layer laser array architecture is developed. This enhanced model employs joint correction algorithms to mitigate the influence of sound velocity parameters on wave vector estimation while achieving significant resolution improvement. Experimental results show that both configurations exhibit high angular resolution. Notably, compared with the single-layer array, the dual-layer configuration improves wave vector direction estimation resolution from 0.19° to 0.13°, representing a 31.6% performance enhancement.