The wear of bearing parts of aviation engine is one of the main factors that cause engine failure and serious accidents. This paper analysis the mechanism of sudden severe wear caused by fatigue wear failure on aviation engine, describe the relationship between wear degree and particle size and quantity, systematically introduce on-line detection technology of lubrication oil wear particles in aviation engine, discuss various technical methods and its theoretical principle, features, typical parameters and application and the latest research results as well as the technical adaptability. On-line detection of lubrication oil wear particles can effectively detect the sudden abrupt wear on aviation engine and warning failure in time, to avoid serious accidents. It has important theoretical significance and engineering application value.