Health condition monitoring problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor can be treated as a multi parameter identification problem of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. In order to improve the efficiency of system parameter identification and state monitoring, a kind of health condition monitoring method of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed based on the multiagent bat algorithm. The competition and cooperation operation of multiagents enhances the communication of agents, and the ability of global optimization and the dynamic tracking performance of the algorithm is improved. Selfstudy operation can improve the local search ability and the convergence rate of the algorithm. Multiparameter identification results of the permanent magnet synchronous motor show that the multiagent bat algorithm can quickly and efficiently identify parameters of the motor. The task of monitoring and early warning can be implemented for the running permanent magnet synchronous machine according to changed parameters. Compared with the unmodified algorithm, the improved algorithm shows the effectiveness and superior performance.