The problem of laser short-range omnidirectional detection is considered. Based on the research of laser short-range dynamic circumferential scanning detection mechanism, a single-pulse laser short-range static circumferential detection method based on light cone beam expansion mechanism is proposed. Based on the theory of laser near-field detection and the spatial geometric relationship of static detection field, the echo equation of single pulse laser short-range static detection using the mechanism of light cone expansion is derived. The probability distribution model of single pulse laser short-range ranging is formulated and the laboratory static detection experiment is established. The influence mechanism of pulse laser emission power, inverted reflection cone angle, pulse laser beam divergence angle and target size projection area on the probability distribution of laser short-range circumferential detection is studied. The results show that as the transmit power and the target projection size increase from 10 W and 0. 01 m 2 to 30 W and 0. 25 m 2 , the echo signal amplitude also increases from 0. 16 and 0. 43 μV to 4. 22 and 5. 95 μV. As the inverted reflective cone angle and beam divergence angle increase from 30° and 10 mrad to 120° and 30 mrad, the echo signal amplitude decreases from 3. 18 and 2. 52 μV to 0. 88 and 1. 92 μV. The circumferential detection probability distribution decreases with the increase of the transmission power and the target projection size, and the peak increases and deviates to the left. With the increase of the inverted reflected light cone angle and the beam divergence angle, the half width increases and the peak decreases and deviates to the right. The symmetry of detection distribution is not affected by the above 4 factors.