To reduce the influence of temperature change on the measurement results in the image-based roadbed settlement monitoring system, this article proposes a temperature compensation method for this monitoring system by studying the temperature drift of its core device—CMOS industrial camera. First, it is analyzed and explained that the temperature variation can affect the measurement accuracy of the monitoring system. Then, a drift parameter compensation model is formulated and experiments are set up for evaluation. Experimental results show that the drift parameter compensation model reduces the image point error of the camera from 1. 0 ~ 2. 5 pixel to 0. 1 ~ 0. 4 pixel, which shows the correctness of the model. Meanwhile, a comparison experiment is set up, and the compensation effect of the drift parameter model schemes is close with the compared method of system identification. But, the proposed compensation method has a simple process and is more practical. Finally, the temperature compensation method of the roadbed settlement monitoring system is proposed and evaluated. Results show that the method can improve the measurement accuracy of the monitoring system. The proposed compensation method is of great significance to improve the measurement accuracy of the image-based roadbed settlement monitoring system.