In this article, the Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate the uncertainty of the robotic arm calibration system. First, this method formulates a model for each variable of the manipulator calibration system. Then, the actual distribution of the input is obtained by establishing the actual data set as the input of the manipulator calibration system. To evaluate the correctness of this method, the main sources of uncertainty in the calibration process are analyzed, and a method based on Monte Carlo uncertainty evaluation is proposed to evaluate the calibration process of the manipulator based on regularization. By using laser tracker as the measurement tool, the method of robot regularization parameter identification is evaluated experimentally. And the uncertainty evaluation of robot calibration is carried out. The results show that the relative expanded uncertainty of each axis is better than 0. 542 2% , 1. 325 9% , and 0. 015 4% , respectively.