The compensation effect of the current dynamic compensation model of the time grating displacement sensor is affected by the speed of calibration platform. To address this issue, an error compensation model based on cubic spline interpolation-Fourier harmonic compensation method is proposed. Firstly, the periodic distribution characteristics of multiple probe and whole cycle error curves of time grating displacement sensor are utilized. The short period error is affected by the speed of calibration platform, and the “ dislocation” error is introduced. The dislocation error directly affects the compensation effect of the short period error compensation model. Secondly, the cubic spline interpolation method is used to locate the error sampling position accurately and reconstruct the short period error curve accurately. Finally, according to the reconstruction of short period error curve and the method of Fourier harmonic compensation short period error compensation model is established, the error compensation effect of time grating displacement sensor is improved. Experimental results show that the peak-to-peak value of short period error decreases to 1. 7″ after using the compensation model. The compensation effect of short period error is better than the traditional compensation model based on Fourier harmonic compensation method. When the calibration platform rate is 3 r/ min, the compensation effect can be increased by 56. 0% . It cannot only meet the working efficiency of sensor dynamic calibration, but also meet the demand of sensor high-precision error calibration.