Temperature test is extremely important for the design and development of the aero-engine. The working environment of the aero-engine has the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, high-speed airflow, high-speed rotating, and narrow space. It also requires the measurement system to have the performance of large range, high precision and high stability. At present, the available methods are very limited. The optical fiber temperature sensor has advantages of small size, anti-electromagnetic interference, safety and reliability in extreme environment, which is flexible to be utilized. It has the quasi-distributed sensing capability of series multiplexing, which has a good application prospect in the temperature test of the aeroengine. This article compares and summarizes the sensing principles, manufacturing processes and technical characteristics of several optical fiber temperature sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating, Fabry-Perot, fiber ultrasonic and fiber radiation. Temperature test requirements in different conditions of the aero-engine are analyzed. The application research progress of the optical fiber temperature sensing technology is classified and summarized. The deficiencies and future development directions of optical fiber sensing technology in the application of temperature measurement are analyzed and prospected to provide reference for follow-up research.