Scientific and reasonable pipeline safety monitoring technology is of great significance to pipeline engineering operation. This paper carries out the experiment study on pipeline bending deformation monitoring based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology. Aiming at the deficiency of existing distributed fiber deformation calculation method, a calculation method of pipeline bending deformation monitoring using distributed optical fiber sensor is proposed, and the calculation program of pipeline bending deformation using distributed optical fiber sensor based on MATLAB is written. The study results show that the proposed pipeline bending deformation monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology has high overall measurement accuracy. Within the bending deformation range of 180 mm, the absolute error is less than 4 mm and the average relative error is within 2%. When the bending deformation is getting larger, the absolute error increases, however the average relative error is below 32%. The pipeline force analysis based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology was carried out preliminarily. The results show that the simulated pipeline shear force pattern is in good agreement with the theoretical pattern and the actual situation. The proposed pipeline bending deformation monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology possesses high measurement accuracy and small error, which can meet the requirements of pipeline bending deformation monitoring and has good application prospect. The method is an ideal deformation monitoring technology and can also be extended to the application of other safety analysis such as pipeline force analysis and etc.