外速度辅助的低成本水平姿态测量方法
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哈尔滨工程大学智能科学与工程学院哈尔滨150001

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TH89

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Low-cost method of horizontal attitude measurement aided by the external velocity
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College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

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    摘要:

    在低成本捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)中,水平姿态的解算依赖于加速度计提供的比力测量值来跟踪重力矢量。在机动条件下,加速度计测量的比力信息耦合了运动加速度与重力加速度,二者难以有效分离,导致基于重力矢量参考的水平姿态解算误差增大,严重制约了低成本捷联惯导系统在动态场景下的实用性与可靠性。故提出一种无需复杂动态建模和特定场景假设的外速度辅助的低成本水平姿态测量方法。该方法的核心在于利用外部提供的速度信息来直接估计并补偿由运动加速度引起的水平姿态误差。首先,根据微机电系统(MEMS)惯性传感器的精度特性对捷联惯性导航更新算法及误差模型合理简化;其次,深入推导并建立了东向/北向速度增量误差与水平失准角之间的解析关系;基于此,利用外部速度信息构建量测方程,直接估计由运动加速度引起的水平失准角,进而实现对水平姿态的实时修正。为验证该方法的有效性,分别进行了模拟摇摆环境的转台试验及真实机动条件下的车载试验。试验结果表明,该方法的水平姿态测量精度优于0.02°(RMS);在摇摆环境下,与基于重力矢量参考的水平姿态测量方法精度相当;在机动条件下,较常规组合导航算法,纵摇角、横摇角均方根误差(RMSE)分别降低了44.8%和47.3%,验证了其在动态环境下的有效性和鲁棒性。

    Abstract:

    In low-cost strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS), the determination of horizontal attitude relies on the specific force measurements of accelerometers to track the gravity vector. However, the specific force measured by accelerometers couples motion acceleration and gravitational acceleration under the maneuvering conditions. Both components are difficult to separate effectively, leading to the increased errors of gravityreferenced horizontal attitude estimation and severely restricting the practicability and reliability of low-cost SINS in dynamic scenarios. To address this issue, this paper proposes a low-cost horizontal attitude measurement method aided by the external-velocity, which avoids the complex dynamic modeling and specific scenario assumptions. The core of this method is to use the external velocity information to directly estimate and compensate the horizontal attitude errors caused by motion accelerations. First, the SINS update algorithm and error model are simplified according to the accuracy characteristics of microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors. Second, an analytical relationship between the east/north velocities and the horizontal misalignment angle is established. Accordingly a measurement equation is constructed using the external velocity information to directly estimate the horizontal misalignment angle induced by the motion acceleration, thereby enabling the realtime correction of horizontal attitude. To verify the effectiveness of proposed method, both the turntable tests simulating a swaying environment and vehicle tests under the real maneuvering conditions were conducted. Experimental results indicate that the horizontal attitude measurement accuracy of the proposed method is better than 0.02° (RMS), which is comparable to that of the gravity-referenced method in the swaying environment. Under the maneuvering conditions, the root mean square errors (RMSE) of pitch and roll are reduced by 44.8% and 47.3% compared with the conventional integrated navigation algorithms. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method in dynamic environments.

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奔粤阳,龚胜,王健成,孙炎,李倩.外速度辅助的低成本水平姿态测量方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2026,47(2):41-49

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-04-08
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