Wind power generation, aerospace, meteorology, and other key industries have an urgent need for high-precision and highreliability detection of wind speed and direction. Compared with the traditional mechanical, ultrasonic convective, and ultrasonic reflective wind speed and direction sensors, the ultrasonic resonant wind speed and direction sensing solution in this article has significant advantages of small size, high accuracy, and no mechanical abrasion. To address the problem of accuracy shift of ultrasonic resonance wind speed and direction sensor under complicated operating conditions, the theoretical model of the error source for the ultrasonic resonance wind speed and direction sensor is formulated. Different temperature environment tests are carried out to analyze the performance of the sensors. The correlation relationship between the working environment temperature and the resonance frequency point of the sensors is constructed, which achieves the temperature compensation of the sensors based on the frequency of the resonance point under different environmental conditions. By establishing a sensor wind tunnel test system, the wind tunnel test of the sensors under different temperature conditions is carried out. Test results show that the wind speed measurement accuracy of the proposed ultrasonic resonance wind speed and direction sensor is significantly improved after the temperature compensation of the resonance state. After the compensation, the accuracy of wind speed can reach ±0. 3 m/ s in the wind speed range of less than 15 m/ s, and ±2. 3% in the wind speed range of 15~ 50 m/ s. The sensor′s measurement accuracy significantly decreases with temperature drift, reducing the measurement error to 2. 30% at an ambient temperature of 17. 1℃ and 2. 09% at an ambient temperature of 29. 2℃ , improving the accuracy by more than 40% compared with the traditional ultrasonic convection / reflection type. In conclusion, it provides support for more effective wind speed and direction measurements for key areas such as improving the power generation efficiency of wind farm turbines and improving the accuracy of elemental measurements in the meteorological field.