To assess the yield strength of in-service pipes, this paper investigates the impact of steel microstructure on mechanical properties and its effect on electromagnetic characteristics. A method for detecting pipe yield strength using electromagnetic techniques is proposed. The study examines how steel′ s electromagnetic properties influence the impedance of a detection coil and develops a simulation model to explore how detection frequency affects magnetic flux density and induced current. The method′s effectiveness is validated through experiments, and the impact of temperature and surface corrosion on detection is analyzed. The results indicate that the electromagnetic-based yield strength detection method performs effectively for Q345 and Q235 steels. At a detection frequency of 10 kHz, the yield strength of both steels shows an approximately linear relationship with the detection coil′s impedance, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0. 94 and 0. 87, respectively. Impedance values increase with yield strength, providing both theoretical and experimental support for pipeline yield strength detection