As detection distances in the aerospace field increase, the impact of micro-angle vibrations—characterized by a broad frequency range (0.1 Hz to 1 kHz) and small amplitude (in the microradian range)—on payload pointing accuracy is becoming increasingly significant. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) angular velocity sensors offer advantages such as low noise, wide frequency bandwidth, and compact size, making them the most suitable method for on-orbit micro-angle vibration measurement. These sensors can provide comprehensive data across a wide spectrum, aiding in the analysis of on-orbit micro-angle vibration dynamics and enabling active compensation. This paper reviews the working principles, technical characteristics, and applications of MHD angular velocity sensors while discussing current research challenges. It begins by comparing the two structural forms of MHD angular velocity sensors and analyzing the differences in their output characteristics based on the sensor′s mathematical model. Next, the technical specifications and applications of typical MHD angular velocity sensors, both domestic and international, are introduced.