The performance of the inertial sensor directly determines the accuracy of the inertial navigation system. The quantum inertial sensor based on the atomic system is expected to achieve the performance of the traditional inertial sensor with a smaller volume and lower cost, and theoretically can obtain higher measurement sensitivity and long-term stability than the existing technology. In recent years, with the rapid development of the field of quantum precision measurement, the practical and engineering research of quantum inertial sensors has made remarkable progress. In the future, by replacing traditional accelerometers and gyroscopes, it is possible to form a highly integrated, low-power, and low-drift quantum inertial navigation system. This article briefly introduces the basic principles of quantum inertial sensors based on atomic systems, and summarizes the current research status of quantum inertial sensors mainly including atomic interference gyroscope, atomic spin gyroscope, atomic interference accelerometer, atomic interference gravimeter, and gravity gradiometer. The article also reviews and analyzes key technical issues that need to be solved. It provides valuable insight for the development of quantum inertial sensors.