In order to register targets between two wave band infrared images, the overall structure feature is studied in this paper. A novel target registration algorithm for two wave band infrared images based on improved multiscale edge structural similarity is proposed by means of improving structural similarity algorithm, multiscale structural similarity algorithm and edge structural similarity algorithm in Gauss scale space. Improved multiscale edge structural similarity is calculated through using images of different scales and their edge images in Gauss scale space. Then the performance of target registration can be improved due to that target’s complete edge structure information in the infrared images is utilized fully. The experimental results show that the accuracy of target registration based on the proposed method is better than other algorithms, and the target similarity between two wave band infrared images is higher than 0.98.