Due to the characteristics of similar appearance and dense deployment of devices in industrial field, it is difficult for the inspection robot to recognize similar devices in industrial field only by machine vision, which affects the accuracy and efficiency of autonomous inspection. To solve the above problems, this article proposes a similar industrial devices recognition strategy by using machine vision and proximity estimation based on the wireless signal characteristics of industrial internet of things. Firstly, the initial pose of the inspection robot is estimated by machine vision and the efficient perspective-N-point algorithm. Then, the proximity estimation algorithm is used to realize the recognition of proximal industrial devices targets by inspection robot. On the other hand, the strategy also includes robot angle correction and position adjustment algorithm to ensure the accuracy of proximity estimation. Compared with the traditional recognition method based on machine vision, experimental results show that the designed strategy can improve the recognition accuracy of similar industrial devices by 2% ~ 49% in different devices density scenarios, which effectively solves the problem of similar devices recognition of inspection robots in industrial field.