基于扭摆的落体质心与光心距离的高精度测量
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TH763

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国家重点研发计划(2018YFF0212401)项目资助


High-precision measurement of the distance between the mass center and the optical center of falling body based on the pendulum system
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    摘要:

    在激光干涉绝对重力仪中,落体的旋转导致重力测量不准确。 为了减小旋转误差对重力测量的影响,提出了一种能够 实现高精度测量落体质心与光心间距的方法。 该方法基于扭摆装置,使用扭丝横向悬挂落体,通过导引激励扭丝,落体将绕扭 丝扭转,用正交干涉仪测量落体在扭转模式下光心沿着测量方向的位移信号,光电自准直仪同步测量落体扭转的角度信号。 用 遗传算法分别扣除了单摆与扭转一倍频分量的影响;其次构造一个随时间衰减的角度信号,消除气体阻尼对二倍频幅值衰减的 影响。 结果表明,光心与质心间距在重力方向的偏移量 δz 的扩展不确定度小于 0. 58 μm。 考虑到在 NIM-3A 绝对重力仪上测得 的最大角速度为 24. 67 mrad / s,绝对重力测量中的旋转误差可以降低到 0. 035 μGal。

    Abstract:

    In laser interference absolute gravimeter, the rotation of falling body leads to inaccurate gravity measurement. To reduce the influence of rotation error on gravity measurement, this article proposes a method that can measure the distance between the mass center and the optical center of falling body with high precision. Based on the torsion pendulum device, this method uses torsion wire to laterally suspend the falling body. By guiding and exciting the twisted wire, the falling body may twist around the twisted wire. The orthogonal interferometer is used to measure the displacement of the optical center of the falling body along the measuring direction in the twisting mode, and the photoelectric autocollimator is used to measure the angle signal of the falling body twisting synchronously. The genetic algorithm is used to deduct the influence of simple pendulum and torsion-frequency doubling component respectively. Secondly, an angle signal that decays with time is constructed to eliminate the influence of gas damping on the attenuation of the second harmonic amplitude. Results show that the expanded uncertainty of the offset between the optical center and the centroid in the direction of gravity is less than 0. 58 μm. The maximum angular velocity measured by NIM-3A absolute gravimeter is 24. 67 mrad / s, and the rotation error in absolute gravity measurement can be reduced to 0. 035 μGal.

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王若琳,胡 翔,余 烨,黄安贻,包 福.基于扭摆的落体质心与光心距离的高精度测量[J].仪器仪表学报,2022,43(8):85-92

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-02-06
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