Abstract:As the exploration and development focus of the oil and gas industry shifts from conventional reservoirs to unconventional reservoirs, comprehensive understanding of petrophysical properties and rock microstructure of unconventional reservoirs is of great significance to implement efficient measures for construction, enhancement and stabilization of production. Facing to the problems of diversified oil and gas reservoir space and sophisticated mechanism of fluid seepage in rock porous media, traditional petrophysical property test and rock static microstructure description fail to meet the research needs of oil and gas seepage and reservoir production enhancement. NMR technology has the characteristics of nondestructive and harmless, which directly reflects the pore fluid distribution and indirectly reflects the pore structure change through MR signal, and possesses significant advantages in the aspects of petrophysical test, pore structure characterization and pore fluid identification. Starting from the principle of NMR method, this paper emphatically introduces the application progress of the NMR technology in the fields of petrophysics and pore structure characterization, summarizes the existing problems in application and looks into the future development direction of this technology.